Unit 1 Review Constitutional Underpinnings Essays -

Unit 1 Review: Constitutional Underpinnings politics political participation single-issue groups policymaking system linkage institution policy agenda political issue policymaking institutions public policy majority rule minority rights representation pluralist theory elite and class theory AKA Marxist theory hyperpluralism policy gridlock individualism . Democracy Direct Democracy Indirect Democracy Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Constitution Natural rights Consent of the governed Limited government Articles of Confederation Shay's Rebellion# Factions New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan Connecticut Compromise Writ of habeas corpus Separation of powers# Checks and balances# Republic Federalist Anti-federalist Federalist Papers# Bill of Rights Equal Rights Amendment Marbury v. Madison# Judicial Review# Bicameral legislature Commerce Clause Enumerated Powers Implied Powers Inherent Powers Formal amendment Informal amendment Supermajority Veto Centralist Decentralist Unicameral legislature Direct election Indirect election Commerce clause Federalism# Unitary governments Intergovernmental relations Supremacy clause Tenth amendment McCulloch v. Maryland# Enumerated powers# Elastic clause# Gibbons v. Ogden Full faith and credit clause Extradition Privileges and immunities Dual federalism# Cooperative federalism# Fiscal federalism Categorical grants# Project grants Formula Grants Block grants# New Federalism Mandates Concurrent Power Police Power Reserved Powers Creative federalism *Unfunded mandate Reform Act of 1995 No Child Left Behind Act Unit 2: Civil Liberties/Civil Rights Civil liberties Slander Free Exercise Clause Sixth Amendment First amendment Libel Fourteenth amendment Probable Cause self-incrimination Plea Bargaining Establishment clause Symbolic Speech Prior restraint Exclusionary Rule Fifth Amendment Incorporation Doctrine Zelman v. Simmons - Harris, 2002 Barron v. Baltimore, 1833 Engel v. Vitale, 1962# Gitlow v. New York, 1925 Near v. Minnesota, 1931 Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963# Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, 1978 McClesky v. Kemp, 1987 Miller v. California, 1973 Gregg v. Georgia, 1976 Roe v. Wade, 1973 # Planned Parenthood v. Casey 1992 # Texas v. Johnson, 1989# Lemon v. Kurtzman, 1971 Schenck v. U.S., 1919 # NAACP v. Alabama, 1958 Miranda v. Arizona, 1961# Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 Roth v. U.S. Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. Federal Communication Commission, 1961 Miami Herald publishing company v. Tornillo , 1974 Double jeopardy Due process clause Eminent domain Indictment Miranda rights Police powers Seditious speech Clear and present danger doctrine Griswold v. Connecticut Communications Decency Act, 1997 Ashcroft v. ACLU Webster v Reproductive Health Services, 97 Palko v. Connecticut, 1937 Abbington v. Scemp , 1963 Civil rights Fourteenth amendment Thirteenth amendment Civil Rights Act of 1964# suffrage Fifteenth amendment poll taxes White primary Twenty fourth amendment Voting Rights Acts of 1965# Nineteenth amendment Equal Rights Amendment comparable worth American with Disabilities Act of 1990# affirmative action de facto segregation de jure segregation equal protection clause grandfather clause Jim crow laws racial gerrymandering separate but equal strict scrutiny Title IX Education Act of 1972 Age Discrimination in Employment Act Religious Freedom restitution Act Gratz v. Bollinger Grutter v. Bollinger Brown v Board of Education Shaw v. Reno Unit 3: Political Beliefs and Behaviors Ch. 10 Ch. 6 Legitimacy Referendum Initiative petition Suffrage Political efficacy # Civic duty Voter registration Motor Voter Act Mandate Theory of elections Policy voting Electoral college Retrospective voting. Attentative public Issue Advocacy Ads Party identification Australian Ballot Realigning elections Solid south Split ticket voting Straight ticket voting Swing state Baker v. Carr Reynolds v. Sims Wesberry v. Sanders Random sampling political culture # Exit poll public opinion Political ideology # melting pot sampling error reapportionment Political participation Political Action Committees Sampling error Demographics # Gender gap Independent Issue advocacy ads Political socialization Independent Unit 4: Media, Parties, Interest Groups, Campaigns Media Parties Interest groups Campaigns High tech politics Mass media Media event Press conferences Investigative journalism Print media Broadcast media Narrowcasting Chains Beats Trial balloons Sound bites# Talking head Policy agenda Policy entrepreneurs Fairness doctrine Feeding frenzy Horse race coverage/politics Selective perception Selective exposure Spin (control) Party competition Political party Linkage institution Party image Rational choice theory Party identification Ticket-splitting Party machines Patronage# Closed primaries Open primaries National convention National committee National chairperson Coalition Party eras Critical election Party realignment New Deal Coalition Party dealignment Party neutrality Third parties Winner take all system Proportional representation Coalition government Responsible party model Divided government Blanket primary Non partisan elections Office column ballot Party column ballot * Dealingment argument Unite rule Party platform Interest group Pluralist theory Elite theory Hyperpluralist theory Subgovernments Potential group Actual group Interest group Subgovernemnts

How to Create Your Very Own Student Teaching Essay Sample

How to Create Your Very Own Student Teaching Essay SampleYou have already done the research, selected the theme and selected the format, now you need to create your very own student teaching essay sample. Here are some tips to help you get started on the right foot.Firstly, pick a theme that is meaningful to you and your students. For example, you might be writing an essay to award a student teacher award, you could create a quote from the teacher and attach it to the essay topic. Or, you might be writing an essay to promote a public school in an area where you are not qualified to teach, you could use a quote from a popular local teacher. The choice is yours.Next, select a form of writing to use for your essay and the format you will use is the most important aspect. For example, if you were conducting a research paper for school, you would choose a traditional research style, rather than the current trend of post-graduate students.When creating your essay, you will need to decide o n a format and that can be tricky. Some schools may require a standard paper style, while others might prefer a more conversational style of writing. If you choose a colloquial approach, your students will feel that you are actually looking out for them and they will be more willing to answer your questions.Finally, and this is also vitally important, make sure you practice the essay at least once or twice before submitting it. If you have already typed up your essay, this will be much easier.With these tips in mind, you are well on your way to creating your very own student teaching essay sample. And this is the one that will make your school proud. So long as you follow the above-mentioned guidelines, you should be all set.Tip number two: be truthful. Give your students a valuable experience and this is what they will remember for years to come.

Hester Prynne essays

Hester Prynne essays Sense prevails over sensibility. Characters in a novel often achieve the object of their desire because they possess good sense. While those who become disillusioned with life are easily carried by their emotions. Austen displays some degree of satire in Sense and Sensibility, effectively used in exposing the hypocrisy of individuals and society. Elinor is the ideal woman, being affectionate, pragmatic and prudent. She possesses good sense. On the other hand, Marianne embodies sensibility. She is charming and clever, but impulsive. Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen shows how the conflict and the setting express the theme of the novel. Both Elinor and Marianne are the protagonists of Sense and Sensibility. They are wooed by the men of their choice, but later they are let down by these men. This is the conflict of the novel. As a result, they both face disappointments and rejection. However, Elinor lets her good sense guide her, and she is ultimately united with her lover. Marianne gets carried away by her sensibility and emotion and becomes despondent. She is ultimately rewarded with a competent husband when she recovers her sense of judgement. Both Elinor and Marianne achieve the object of their desire. They just had to possess good sense. Clearly, the conflict helped Elinor and Marianne use or find their good sense. The novel is set in London and its surrounding districts. The opening of the novel is in Sussex. Henry Dashwood is living on his uncles estate in Norland. However, after the death of Henry, Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters move to Devonshire. Their cottage, overlooking the Barton Valley, is a pleasant, fertile spot, well-wooded, and rich in pasture. In this part and the last part of the novel, the characters are shown living in the contryside, where they are content and expect happiness. Then the setting moves to London, when Elinor and Marianne accompany...

Profile of Joseph Lister, Father of Modern Surgery

Profile of Joseph Lister, Father of Modern Surgery English surgeon Joseph Lister  (April 5, 1827–February 10, 1912), Baron Lister of Lyme Regis, is considered the father of modern surgery for his  work developing sterilization procedures that saved countless lives. Lister pioneered the use of carbolic acid for sanitizing operating rooms and employed antiseptic surgical procedures to prevent deadly postoperative infections. Early Years Born on April 5, 1827 in Essex, England, Joseph Lister was the fourth of seven children born to Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella Harris. Listers parents were devout Quakers, and his father was a successful wine merchant with scientific interests of his own: he invented the first achromatic microscope lens, an endeavor that earned him the honor of being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. The young Listers love for science grew as he became fascinated with the microscopic world introduced to him by his father. Lister decided at an early age that he wanted to become a surgeon and thus prepared for this eventual career by delving into science and mathematics subjects at the Quaker schools he attended in London.   After entering the University of London in 1844, Lister earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1847 and a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1852. Listers achievements during this time included serving as house surgeon at the University College Hospital of the University of London and being selected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Research and Personal Life In 1854, Lister went to the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in Scotland to study under the famous surgeon James Syme. Under Syme, Listers professional and personal life flourished: he met and married Symes daughter, Agnes, in 1856. Agnes was  invaluable as a wife and partner, assisting Joseph with  his medical research and laboratory experiments. Joseph Listers research was centered on inflammation and its impact on wound healing. He published a number of papers regarding muscle activity in the skin and eyes, coagulation of blood, and blood vessel engorgement during inflammation. Listers research led to his appointment as Regius Professor of Surgery at the University of Glasgow in 1859. In 1860, he was named a Fellow of the Royal Society. Implementation of Antisepsis By 1861, Lister was leading the surgical ward at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. During this time in history, surgery was performed only when absolutely necessary due to high death rates associated with infections. With little understanding of how germs like bacteria caused disease, surgical procedures were regularly performed in  unsanitary conditions. In an attempt to combat wound infections, Lister began to employ cleanliness techniques used by Florence Nightingale and others. This process involved keeping the environment clean, changing dressings, and washing hands. However, it was not until he read the works of  Louis Pasteur that Lister began to link germs with surgical wounds. While Lister was not the first to suggest that microorganisms were the cause of hospital associated diseases or that infections could be reduced through antiseptic methods, he was able to marry these ideas and effectively implement treatment for wound infections. In 1865, Lister began using carbolic acid (phenol), a substance used in sewage treatment, as an antiseptic to treat compound fracture wounds. These injuries were commonly treated by amputation, as they involved penetration of the skin and significant tissue damage. Lister used carbolic acid for hand washing and treatment of surgical incisions and dressings. He even developed an instrument for spraying carbolic acid into the air in the operating room. Lifesaving Antiseptic Success Listers first success case was  an eleven year old boy who had suffered injuries from a horse cart accident. Lister employed antiseptic procedures during treatment, then found that the boys fractures and wounds healed without infection. Further success ensued as nine of eleven other cases where carbolic acid was used to treat wounds showed no signs of infection. In 1867, three articles written by Lister were published in Londons weekly medical journal, The Lancet. The articles outlined Listers method of antiseptic treatment based on the germ theory. In August of 1867, Lister announced at the Dublin meeting of the British Medical Association that no deaths associated with blood poisoning or gangrene had occurred since antiseptic methods had been fully employed in his wards at Glasgows Royal Infirmary. Later Life and Honors In 1877, Lister assumed the chair of Clinical Surgery at Kings College in London and began practicing at Kings College Hospital. There, he continued to research ways to improve his antiseptic methods and develop new methods for treating injuries. He popularized the use of gauze bandages for wound treatment, developed rubber drainage tubes, and created ligatures made from sterile catgut for stitching wounds. While Listers ideas of antisepsis were not immediately accepted by many of his peers, his ideas eventually gained nearly worldwide acceptance. For his outstanding achievements in surgery and medicine, Joseph Lister was ennobled a Baronet by Queen Victoria  in 1883 and  received  the title Sir Joseph Lister. In 1897, he was made Baron Lister of Lyme Regis and awarded the Order of Merit by King Edward VII in 1902. Death and Legacy Joseph Lister retired in 1893 following the death of his beloved wife Agnes. He later suffered a stroke, but was still able to consult on treatment for King Edward VIIs appendicitis surgery in 1902. By 1909, Lister had lost the ability to read or write. Nineteen years after the passing of his wife, Joseph Lister died on February 10, 1912 at Walmer in Kent, England. He was 84 years old. Joseph Lister revolutionized surgical practices by applying the germ theory to surgery. His willingness to experiment with new surgical techniques led to the development of antiseptic methods that focused on keeping wounds free of pathogens. While changes have been made to Listers antisepsis methods and materials, his antiseptic principles remain the foundation for todays medical practice of asepsis (total elimination of microbes) in surgery. Joseph Lister Fast Facts Full Name: Joseph ListerAlso Known As: Sir Joseph Lister, Baron Lister of Lyme RegisKnown For: First to implement antiseptic method in surgery; father of modern surgeryBorn: April 5, 1827 in Essex, EnglandParents Names: Joseph Jackson Lister and Isabella HarrisDied: February 10, 1912 in Kent, EnglandEducation: University of London, Bachelor of Medicine and SurgeryPublished Works: On a New Method of Treating Compound Fracture, Abscess, etc. with Observation on the Conditions of Suppuration (1867); On the Antiseptic Principle in the Practice of Surgery (1867); and Illustrations of the Antiseptic System of Treatment in Surgery (1867)Spouse Name: Agnes Syme (1856-1893)Fun Fact: Listerine mouthwash and the bacterial genus Listeria were named after Lister Sources Fitzharris, Lindsey. The Butchering Art: Joseph Listers Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine. Scientific American / Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017. Gaw, Jerry L. A Time to Heal: the Diffusion of Listerism in Victorian Britain. American Philosophical Society, 1999. Pitt, Dennis, and Jean-Michel Aubin. Joseph Lister: Father of Modern Surgery. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Oct. 2012, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468637/. Simmons, John Galbraith. Doctors and Discoveries: Lives That Created Todays Medicine.  Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Compare and contrast the competing perspectives of structuralists and Essay

Compare and contrast the competing perspectives of structuralists and antistructuralists on the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. What are the implication - Essay Example An example of Game Theory would be if Company X makes product X, and Company Y makes product Y. A third company, Company XY, buys product X and Y to produce product XY. Company X, Company Y, and Company XY would be named as players under the Game Theory. If Company X raises the cost of their product, Company XY is affected. The rise in product X’s cost could even affect Company Y, if Company XY’s chooses to increase the price of their product with the result of lower sales of product XY. Game Theory has a few elements that are important to mention. As mentioned before players are one element, the other elements include payoffs, actions, and rules (Jaquier 2003). Players are the actual firms. Payoffs are the rewards or punishment of the players in the game. In the scenario above, Company X could have been punishing Company XY or rewarding Company Y, depending on the circumstances. Actions are the decisions made by the players. The rules define the players, actions and pa yoffs. This makes up the basics of Game Theory. An oligopoly is a couple of large suppliers controlling a particular market. The market concentration is normally high. Companies encompassing an oligopoly produce brand quality products. Barriers exist for firms on the outside an oligopoly, due to the necessity of brand quality products the firms on the inside of the oligopoly produce. The interdependence between companies in an oligopoly is vital. Each company in an oligopoly must anticipate what the other companies/players will decide concerning investments, prices, or any other important business decisions. Economists seek to predict these decisions by using Game Theory (Oligopoly 2005). Game Theory helps players logically figure out the decisions other players will make. Game Theory not only helps predict players decisions, but has an impact on politics, other businesses, pricing of products and services, locations for industrial plants, and even enviormental issues

Vehicle Routing and Container Loading Problem Research Paper

Vehicle Routing and Container Loading Problem - Research Paper Example To optimize on the supply chain operation, researchers developed solutions for the vehicle routing problem (VLP) and also the container loading problem (CLP). It is impossible to optimize the routing process only and fail to optimize the CLP process. Likewise is impossible to develop solutions for CLP without developing VLP solutions. This paper suggests the use of an integrated approach to solve the routing problem. Several methods have been put across by different mathematician to help tackle the routing and packing problems. Some of these methods include the formulation of mathematical models, the use of algorithms as well as the integration of the two methods. This paper suggests the use of an integrated vehicle routing and container packing problem with the use of generic algorithms. G= (VA) which represents the complete graph with V representing the nodes and A representing the arc set, the vertex set V is described by V= and 0 represent the depot and represent the nodes. K represents the number of available vehicles. The vehicles are defined by their length, width and height. These dimensions are defined as HK, MK, WK,LK which represent the height , weight, width and length of the vehicle. the cost of vehicles to travel from point i to j is given by Cijk, the traveling time for the vehicle from the point i to j is given by tijk, the service time of vehicle K at node i is given by Sik, the cargo type is represented by, the length of the cargo is represented by lp, while the cargo width is represented by wp. The weight of the cargo is given by mp. The time taken to load cargo to the track is given by tdpk, while the time taken to unload the cargo is given by tupk. The demand for the cargo at a given node (n) is represented by Dp(i). The number of cargo delivered by vehicle K is given by. Setting the constrains Clients; the model assumes that the clients are distributed within a given geographical area. Some clients are near the deport while others are situated away. Deport: the model assumes that there is one deport to serve these clients Vehicles; the vehicles are the same, that is they are homogenous Vehicle capacity; the capacity constrains for the vehicle are given by weight that the vehicle can carry and the volume of the vehicle. The volume of the vehicle is defined by setting (length by width by height of the vehicle). The correct definition involves defining

Preserve The Forests :: essays research papers

Preserve the Forests   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In agreement with Kim Stafford, who opposes the clear-cutting of old growth forests, I feel that it is necessary to preserve the profitable lumber in its natural state for future generations. Currently, the tons of lumber produced from the Pacific Northwest region of the United States are taken for granted, and most people do not realize that the forests will be destroyed within ten years at this rate of exploiting our natural resources. We must make loggers a profession of the past and divert those current ones into another sector in our society. The spotted owl is more than a *Darwinistic* survival of the fittest issue; it represents the direction of our only planet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to preserve the beauty of this planet, we must cease the clear- cutting of forests. All old growth forests have been around for multiple centuries and are cut down daily in a matter of hours in order to produce more buildings and houses in this already over-crowded world. If the rate at which we cut down trees is continued without any regulation, the forests will all be gone in ten years, so we should do mankind a favor and try to preserve what is left. If the old growth forests are gone, then they can never return because it takes over five generations to produce one and at the rate that the human population is increasing, there is not enough land to have a secure place for a new forest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If we realize that it is best for the human race to stop destroying the natural resources, then we must destroy, too, the existence of loggers all together. To do so, there must not be any new loggers, so all training potential loggers must be stopped. The current loggers must be diverted to another occupation. Perhaps if the public supported the notion of stopping clear-cutting, the government would be able to provide services to educate the loggers in a different field. Also, with public support, many companies will probably offer several programs for former loggers. No matter what we choose today, the loggers have seen their last Haley*s comet; they will all be gone with forests in ten years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we stop the development and decrease the number of loggers, we will help save the spotted owl, a species that has greater importance than a mere animal towards the our species. It is a symbol of the general health of Mother Earth, a figure without which no living object can survive. If the cutting of